【邳博大课堂】二十四节气 · 秋分
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2025-09-23 11:39:38
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<p style="line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">金风起,秋意浓,推门见桂,碎金万点,香满庭院。邳州市博物馆院中的这两株古桂,岁岁年年见证时光流转,而今又引领我们走入秋分的文化长廊。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20250929/1759117483247884.jpg" title="1759117483247884.jpg" alt="微信图片_2025-09-29_114120_694.jpg"/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">早在先秦时期,先民即通过圭表测影,发现秋分日太阳直射赤道、昼夜等长,将其定为 “仲秋之月”的标志。《周礼》将“春分祭日,秋分祭月”纳入国家祭典;汉《太初历》明确秋分既是昼夜 “分点”,也是气温转凉 “转折点”。正如《月令七十二候集解》所释:“秋分,八月中…… 分者,半也,此当九十日之半,故谓之分。” 从观星定节到历法明时,秋分渐成古人认知自然、顺应时序的重要坐标。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">古人将秋分分为三候:一候雷始收声,二候蛰虫坯户,三候水始涸。意思是分后阴气渐盛,雷声逐渐沉寂;蛰居的小虫开始用细土加固巢穴,以抵御寒气;降雨减少,天气干燥,河流湖泊的水量也逐渐下降,甚至趋于涸竭。</p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">“一场秋雨一场寒。”从秋分这一天起,北半球昼短夜长将越来越明显,日平均气温降到了22℃以下,真正气候意义上的秋天正式到来。此时应注意天气变化,及时添加衣服,精神上保持乐观豁达,切莫“悲秋”。</p><p><br/></p><section><section><section><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">秋分习俗</strong></p></section></section><section><section><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section><p><section><section><section><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">祭 月</strong> </p><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">秋分曾是传统的“祭月节”。从周代起,即有两分祭日月之说,即春分祭日、秋分祭月。北京的月坛就是明清皇帝祭月的地方。这种风俗不仅为宫廷及上层贵族所奉行,随着社会的发展,也逐渐影响到民间。</p><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">竖 蛋</strong></p><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">和春分一样,每年秋分之际,各地都会有人做“竖蛋”游戏。其玩法是选择一个光滑匀称的新鲜鸡蛋,轻轻地在桌子上把它竖起来。这种习俗寄予了人们对生命、生育的敬畏和崇敬之情。</p><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">吃秋菜</strong></p><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">秋分时节,岭南地区的人们要去采摘一种叫做“野苋菜”的野菜,与鱼片“滚汤”食用,名曰“秋汤”。野苋菜有“长寿菜”的美誉,不仅营养丰富,还能增强人体免疫力。</p><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">吃鸭子</strong></p><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">在南京,秋分流行吃“桂花鸭”,用普通的盐水鸭,以桂花卤入味。“桂花鸭”于桂子飘香之时上市,肥而不腻,味美可口。</p><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">送秋牛</strong></p><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">旧时秋分,能言善唱的“秋官”会挨家挨户送去印有农夫耕田图和全年节气的“秋牛图”,并唱诵吉祥话,祝愿主家秋耕顺利,来年丰收。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></p><section><section><section><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">诗词里的秋分</strong></p></section></section><section><section><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section><p><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">咏廿四气诗·秋分八月中</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【唐】元稹</strong><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">琴弹南宫调,风色已高清。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">云散飘飖影,雷收振怒声。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">乾坤能静肃,寒暑喜均平。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">忽见新来雁,人心敢不惊?</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">秋分后顿凄冷有感</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【宋】陆游</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">今年秋气早,木落不待黄,</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">蟋蟀当在宇,遽已近我床。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">况我老当逝,且复小彷徉。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">岂无一樽酒,亦有书在傍。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">饮酒读古书,慨然想黄唐。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">耄矣狂未除,谁能药膏肓。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">客中秋夜</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【元末明初】孙作</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">故园应露白,凉夜又秋分。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">月皎空山静,天清一雁闻。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">感时愁独在,排闷酒初醺。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">豆子南山熟,何年得自耘。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">访秋分得玉溪诗中吹字韵</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【清】全祖望</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">吾意正萧瑟,况逢秋半时。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">谁家临水处,定有拒霜枝。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">日落烟光淡,风凉衣带吹。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">东城多野色,病叟亦忘疲。</p></section></section></section></p><p><br/></p><section><section><section><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">邳博里的秋分</strong></p></section></section><section><section><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section><p><section><section><section><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">自2018年起,我国将每年的秋分设为“中国农民丰收节”,以此礼赞丰收、致敬农民。这是第一个在国家层面为农民设立的节日,不仅赋予了秋分新的时代内涵,也极大调动起亿万农民的积极性、主动性、创造性,提升了亿万农民的荣誉感、幸福感、获得感。</p></section><section><section><section><section><br/></section><section><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20250929/1759117505339845.png" title="1759117505339845.png" alt="1759117505339845.png" width="500" height="333"/></section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em; text-align: center;">新石器时代大汶口文化穿孔石铲,<span style="caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);letter-spacing: 0.034em;">现陈列于“东夷肇始”展厅</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);letter-spacing: 0.034em;"><br/></span></p></section></section></section><section><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">早在6000多年以前,生活在邳州的东夷先民就将饭碗端在了自己手上。从大墩子、刘林、梁王城三座国保级遗址出土的大汶口文化时期器物来看,当时的先民已经形成了以种植业为主的农业生产体系。这件穿孔石铲是一件国家三级文物,为垦荒翻地的石质工具,采用磨制工艺,体为黑色,状呈梯形,上窄下宽<span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">,两面刃,刃为斜弧形,线条流畅,形制规整。中部上端有一穿孔,推测用来穿绳子捆绑木柄。这个孔圆润光滑,说明邳州先民的磨制石器工艺已经达到了较高的技术水平。</span></p></section></section></section></p>