【邳博大课堂】二十四节气 · 芒种

<section><section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;">“时雨及芒种，四野皆插秧。家家麦饭美，处处菱歌长。”今天，我们迎来二十四节气中的第九个节气——芒种，它标志着仲夏的正式开始，也昭示着了一年中农事最繁忙的时节的到来。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20250609/1749451968760201.png" title="1749451968760201.png" alt="1749451968760201.png" width="281" height="500"/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;">“芒种” 一词，最早出自《周礼・地官》，书中记载：“泽草所生，种之芒种。”《月令七十二侯集解》载：“五月节，谓有芒之种谷可稼种矣。”这一名称生动体现了这个节气的双重使命：“芒”指麦类等有芒作物的收获，“种”则是谷黍类作物的播种。古人将芒种分为三候：“一候螳螂生；二候鵙始鸣；三候反舌无声。”去岁深秋所产的螳螂卵此时破壳而出，伯劳鸟开始在林间鸣唱，而善仿百鸟之声的反舌鸟却悄然无声。这些细微的自然变化，构成了一幅生动的生物物候图景。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;">古人深知“春争日，夏争时”的道理，芒种时节的每一刻都弥足珍贵。芒种，忙种，在繁忙的仲夏里，让我们既分享大地的丰饶，也传承人与自然和谐共生的永恒智慧。</p></section></section></section><p style="text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p><br/></p><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">芒种习俗</strong></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">安苗祭祀</strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;">在中稻插秧结束后，各地会举行安苗祭祀活动，祈愿秋日丰收。这一农事习俗始于明朝，家家户户用新麦面蒸制发包，捏成五谷六畜、瓜果蔬菜等形状，用蔬菜汁染色做成祭祀供品，祈求五谷丰登、村民平安。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">送花神</strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;">送花神是芒种时节一项富有诗意的传统。农历二月二迎接的花神，至五月间百花凋零时归位。人们以丝绸装点花枝，表达对花神的感激与惜别之情。《红楼梦》中就描绘了大观园饯送花神的盛景。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">青梅煮酒</strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;">芒种时节，青梅成熟。新鲜青梅味道酸涩，古人便有 将青梅与煮酒同食的习俗，此举不仅能增添酒的香气，还可中和青梅的酸味。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">打泥巴仗</strong></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;">在贵州黔东南苗族侗族自治州的侗族村寨，芒种前后要举行充满仪式感的“关秧门”活动，打泥巴仗是其中的重要环节。人们通过与泥土亲密接触，完成对土地的感恩仪式。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap-mode: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">诗词里的芒种</strong></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">咏廿四气诗・芒种五月节</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【 唐】元稹</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">芒种看今日，螳螂应节生。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">彤云高下影，鴳鸟往来声。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">渌沼莲花放，炎风暑雨情。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">相逢问蚕麦，幸得称人情。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">北固晚眺</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">【 唐】窦常</span></strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">水国芒种后，梅天风雨凉。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">露蚕开晚簇，江燕绕危樯。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">山趾北来固，潮头西去长。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;">年年此登眺，人事几销亡。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em;box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">石&nbsp; 桥</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【明】汤珍</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">时雨如膏沐，能添竹树鲜。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">石桥分野望，云日澹川烟。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">僧笠归花外，渔舟系柳边。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">村村逐芒种，播谷满菑田。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">伊犁记事诗</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【清】洪亮吉</strong></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">芒种才过雪不霁，<span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);">伊犁河外草初肥。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em;">生驹步步行难稳，<span style="letter-spacing: 0.034em; caret-color: var(--weui-BRAND);">恐有蛇从鼻观飞。</span></p></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><p><strong>邳博里的芒种</strong></p><p><br/></p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20250609/1749451921857561.png" title="1749451921857561.png" alt="1749451921857561.png" width="500" height="346"/></p><p style="text-align: center;">西汉·彩绘陶勺，现陈列于长河流韵展厅</p><p><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em;">勺面椭圆形，外底鼓凸，长方形柄，周身施以红彩，已大部脱落。汉代酒器最常见的组合即樽为盛酒、温酒器，勺为挹（舀）酒器，耳杯为饮酒器。《三国演义》中曹刘煮酒论英雄时，“盘置青梅，一樽煮酒。二人对坐，开怀畅饮”，可见当时的场景应为两人喝一口酒、吃一口梅子，相当于现在喝一口酒、嚼几粒花生米，而非将酒与青梅合煮。此处的煮酒应为名词，即温煮过的酒。</p>