【邳博大课堂】我们的节日 · 元旦
2025-01-02 14:45:22
365
<section><p style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">每年公历的一月一日，是我国也是世界上很多国家传统的新年。 “元”，是万物之始；“旦”，是一日之晨，元旦（New Year's Day），意味着一年的开始，被称为“新历年”“阳历年”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20250102/1735800079173883.png" title="1735800079173883.png" alt="1735800079173883.png" width="225" height="400"/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">在我国，元旦的起源，可追溯到史前三皇五帝之一的颛顼。传说颛顼“以孟夏正月为元”，即将每年农历正月初一定为“元旦”或“元正”。莒州博物馆珍藏着一件新石器时代大汶口文化中晚期的刻符大口陶尊。它的腹上部刻有一个比甲骨文还要早将近1500年的陶文，考古学家将其解读为“太阳”“朝霞”和“山”，认为这可能是我国现存文物中呈现的最古老的“旦”字。类似这种高度象形化的“旦”字，后来出现在了殷商青铜器的一些铸铭上，那时的元旦为每年十二月初一。</p><p><br/></p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20250102/1735799758409664.jpg" title="1735799758409664.jpg" alt="1735799758409664.jpg" width="333" height="500"/></p><p style="text-align: center; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">刻符大口陶尊，莒州博物馆藏</p><p><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">此后不同朝代对于元旦的具体日期说法不一。周代以每年十一月初一为元旦，秦朝建立后将每年十月初一定为元旦。汉武帝太初元年（公元前104年），司马迁首创“太初历”，以每年正月初一为元旦，此法回归到《夏小正》（中国现存最早的一部记录农事的历书）的最初规定，因而又被称作“夏历”，这一规定穿越悠远的历史时空，一直赓续到辛亥革命。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;">1912年中华民国临时政府成立，孙中山先生为了“行夏正，所以顺农时；从西历，所以便统计”，于是将每年农历正月初一确定为春节，而以西历（公历）1月1日为元旦，又称之为新年。从这个意义上讲，元旦是我国近现代社会嬗变的产物和标志。1949年9月，新中国成立前夕，中国人民政治协商会议第一届全体会议通过决议，决定采用“公元纪年法”，从法律角度把公历1月1日确定为元旦，将农历正月初一确定为春节。1949年12月23日，全国年节及纪念日放假办法规定发布；新年元旦，放假1天。从此，新年元旦列入法定假日成为全国人民的节日。1950年元旦清晨，人们打开收音机听到了《义勇军进行曲》，刚刚诞生三个月的中华人民共和国迎来了第一个新年，对于五亿四千一百万中国人民来说这个新年是真正意义上的“除旧布新”。</p><p style="text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p><section><section><section><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">诗词里的元旦</strong></p></section></section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section></section><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; color: rgb(62, 62, 62); font-family: "PingFang SC", system-ui, -apple-system, BlinkMacSystemFont, "Helvetica Neue", "Hiragino Sans GB", "Microsoft YaHei UI", "Microsoft YaHei", Arial, sans-serif; letter-spacing: 0.544px; text-align: justify; text-wrap: wrap; background-color: rgb(255, 255, 255); overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p><br/></p><section><section><section><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">如梦令·元旦<br/></strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">毛泽东</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">宁化、清流、归化，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">路隘林深苔滑。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">今日向何方，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">直指武夷山下。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">山下山下，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">风展红旗如画。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">二十二年元旦</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">鲁迅</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">云封高岫护将军，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">霆击寒村灭下民。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">依旧不如租界好，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">打牌声里又新春。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">元旦口占用柳亚子怀人韵</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">董必武</strong><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">共庆新年笑语哗，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">红岩士女赠梅花。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">举杯互敬屠苏酒，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">散席分尝胜利茶。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">只有精忠能报国，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">更无乐土可为家。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">陪都歌舞迎佳节，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">遥祝延安景物华。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">乙酉元旦</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">钱钟书</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">倍还春色渺无凭，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">乱里偏惊易岁勤。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">一世老添非我独，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">百端忧集有谁分。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">焦芽心境参摩诘，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">枯树生机感仲文。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">豪气聊留供自暖，</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">吴箫燕筑断知闻。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">癸酉十一月十六日陶社消寒第一集赋五排一章（节选）</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">【清末民初】祝廷华</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-align: center; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;">历改逢元旦，爻占复一阳。<br/>红梅绽芳蕊，绿竹长新篁。<br/>世界纷呶甚，吾侪酬酢忙。<br/>消寒第一集，合座祝康强。</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section></section></section><p><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><strong>邳博里的元旦</strong></p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20250102/1735799945883549.png" title="1735799945883549.png" alt="1735799945883549.png" width="400" height="390"/></p><p style="text-align: center;">清末·玉花牌，现陈列于“玉出昆冈”展厅</p><p><br/></p><p style="line-height: 1.75em; text-indent: 2em;">从青铜礼器到玉器，自古以来吉祥纹样是永恒不变的装饰。这件清末的玉花牌为白玉材质，镂空透雕，内饰卷云纹，外饰两两相向的凤鸟纹，形象生动，工艺精湛，寓意高升如意，祥瑞幸福。新年第一天看到这样一件“好意头”的文物，这一年都会事事顺利！</p><p style="-webkit-tap-highlight-color: transparent; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; outline: 0px; max-width: 100%; box-sizing: border-box; clear: both; min-height: 1em; text-indent: 2em; overflow-wrap: break-word !important;"><br/></p></section>
