【邳博大课堂】我们的节日 · 重阳节

<section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">今年10月11日是农历九月初九，也就是一年一度的重阳节。《易经》中把“六”定为阴数，把“九”定为阳数，九月九日，日月并阳，两九相重，所以“重阳”也叫“重九”。又因在古代“九”被认为是最大的数字，故而有长久长寿的寓意，寄托着人们对老人健康长寿的祝福。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20241120/1732086212920420.jpg" title="1732086212920420.jpg" alt="1732086212920420.jpg" width="338" height="600"/></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">在中国传统节日里，重阳节是起源最早的节日之一，它源自天象崇拜，起始于上古，普及于西汉，鼎盛于唐代。关于重阳节最早的记载可见《吕氏春秋》中的《季秋纪》：“（九月）命家宰，农事备收。”“是日也，大飨帝，尝牺牲，告备于天子。”汉代时，重阳有了求寿的习俗。《西京杂记》记载：“九月九日，佩茱萸，食蓬饵，饮菊花酒，云令人长寿。”在魏晋时，节日气氛渐浓，倍受文人墨客吟咏。唐朝时，重阳节被定为正式节日。明清两代，重阳节盛行秋游、赏菊、登高、祭祖等习俗。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">今天的重阳节，被赋予了新的含义。1989年，我国把每年重阳节定为“老人节”“敬老节”；2006年5月20日，重阳节被国务院列入首批国家级非物质文化遗产名录； 2012年，全国人大常委会修订通过《中华人民共和国老年人权益保障法》，规定每年农历九月初九为老年节。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><p><br/></p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">重阳节习俗</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">登&nbsp; 高</strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">在古代，民间在重阳有登高的风俗，故重阳节又叫“登高节”。相传此风俗始于东汉，唐代文人所写的登高诗很多，大多是写重阳节的风俗。登高所到之处，没有划一的规定，一般是登高山、登高塔。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">吃重阳糕</strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">据史料记载，重阳糕又称花糕、菊糕、五色糕，制无定法，较为随意。九月九日天明时，以片糕搭儿女头额，口中念念有词，祝愿子女百事俱高，乃古人九月作糕的本意。讲究的重阳糕要作成九层，像座宝塔，上面还作成两只小羊，以符合重阳（羊）之义。有的还在重阳糕上插一小红纸旗，并点蜡烛灯。这大概是用“点灯”“吃糕”代替“登高”的意思，用小红纸旗代替茱萸。当今的重阳糕，仍无固定品种，各地在重阳节吃的松软糕类都称之为重阳糕。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">赏菊、饮菊花酒</strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">重阳节正是一年的金秋时节，菊花盛开，据传赏菊及饮菊花酒，起源于晋朝大诗人陶渊明。陶渊明以隐居出名，以诗出名，以酒出名，也以爱菊出名；后人效之，遂有重阳赏菊之俗。旧时文人士大夫，还将赏菊与宴饮结合，以求和陶渊明更接近。清代以后，赏菊之习尤为昌盛，且不限于九月九日。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">插茱萸、簪菊花</strong></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">重阳节插茱萸的风俗，在唐代就已经很普遍。古人认为在重阳节这一天插茱萸可以避难消灾；或佩带于臂，或作香袋把茱萸放在里面佩带，还有插在头上的。大多是妇女、儿童佩带，有些地方男子也佩带。宋代，还有将彩缯剪成茱萸、菊花来相赠佩带的。清代，北京重阳节的风俗是把菊花枝叶贴在门窗上，“解除凶秽，以招吉祥”。这应是头上簪菊的变俗。</span></p></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">诗词里的重阳节</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><br/></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">长安九日诗</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【南北朝】江总</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">心逐南云逝，形随北雁来。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">故乡篱下菊，今日几花开。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">九日送别</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【唐】王之涣</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">蓟庭萧瑟故人稀，何处登高且送归。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">今日暂同芳菊酒，明朝应作断蓬飞。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">九日和韩魏公</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【宋】苏洵</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">晚岁登门最不才，萧萧华发映金罍。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">不堪丞相延东阁，闲伴诸儒老曲台。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">佳节久从愁里过，壮心偶傍醉中来。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">暮归冲雨寒无睡，自把新诗百遍开。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">醉花阴</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【宋】李清照</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">薄雾浓云愁永昼，瑞脑销金兽。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">佳节又重阳，玉枕纱厨，半夜凉初透。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">东篱把酒黄昏后，有暗香盈袖。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">莫道不销魂，帘卷西风，人比黄花瘦。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">九日登高台寺</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【清】沈辂</strong></span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">万里秋光客兴赊，同人九日惜年华。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">台高不尽看枫叶，院净何须坐菊花。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">对酒披襟形独放，凭风落帽笑谁加。</span></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">诗成合座皆珠玉，归去迟迟满落霞。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><p style="text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; font-size: 20px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">邳博里的重阳节</strong></span><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></strong></span></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><img width="450" src="https://mmbiz.qpic.cn/sz_mmbiz_jpg/AEZQbJjzBVuzURKqGpRMS43sxfNPWOibn4xHdGEtVHybUXtG2ibuHIml0kA8vjsUUTibAvQgLXEzJzS3ibfpPIax4g/640?wx_fmt=jpeg&tp=webp&wxfrom=10005&wx_lazy=1&wx_co=1" class="" alt="图片" height="450" title="图片"/><br/></p><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">清黑釉五龟碗&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">现陈列于“长河流韵”展厅</span></p><p><span style="box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><br/></span></p></section><section><section></section></section></section><p></p><section><section></section></section><p></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">喇叭形大敞口，口沿微敛，腹口至底渐收，平底，矮圈足；碗内壁雕饰五只乌龟，寓意长寿吉祥。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">黑釉是古代瓷器釉色之一，釉面呈黑色或黑褐色。最早的黑釉瓷出现在东汉中晚期的东南窑场，颜色尚不稳定；两晋开始出现了真正的黑瓷，东晋时烧制的黑釉器釉面滋润光泽，色黑如漆，可与漆器媲美；两宋时，黑釉瓷达到了发展高峰，其中具代表性的有北方的磁州窑，南方的建窑和吉州窑；元代开始，黑釉瓷器生产逐渐式微；明清以后，黑釉逐渐成为彩绘瓷的陪衬，如清代的黑地彩绘瓷、黑地素三彩等。</span></p></section></section></section></section></section>