【邳博大课堂】二十四节气 · 立秋
2024-08-07 10:50:12
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<section><section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">北京时间8月7日8时09分迎来立秋节气。“立秋”了,这字面上送来的一丝丝凉意,一时难消炎热的暑气。诗人郭小川曾说,“秋凉刚刚在这里落脚, 暑热还藏在好客的人家。”节气中的立秋,仍在伏天,这时的暑热被戏称为“秋老虎”,有民谚说“立秋反比大暑热,中午前后似烤火”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20240826/1724640846994694.jpg" title="1724640846994694.jpg" alt="1724640846994694.jpg" width="338" height="600"/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><br/></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">立秋并不等于入秋。就我国大部分地区来说,立秋只是进入名义上的秋天,气象学以连续5天的日平均气温降到22摄氏度以下作为秋季开始,按这个标准,我国很少有地方会在立秋时马上进入真正的秋季。<span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">今年的立秋刚好在中伏和末伏内,各地多少还会热上一段时间。至于会热多久,要看气象因素及其变化。好在毕竟已经立秋,大暑节气期间的那种热会逐渐变成午热与早晚凉爽相伴的情形。</span></span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">时至立秋年过半,日月如梭转瞬间。立秋,标志着炎热的夏天即将离去,也预示着金灿灿的收获季节就要到来了。愿每一个人过往的辛勤付出都能换来满满的新收获。<br/></span></p></section><section><p style="text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; text-indent: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">立秋习俗</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">一过炎炎夏日,人们更容易产生食欲。因此,立秋期间的许多民俗也多与饮食有关,比如“贴秋膘”和“啃秋”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">贴秋膘首选“以肉贴膘”,用吃肉的方法弥补夏日酷暑给身体带来的“损耗”。吃炖肉、烤肉、红烧肉、焖肉、白切肉、粉蒸肉、狮子头……烹调技法不同,食材却都离不开肉;“啃秋”则是说在立秋日里吃西瓜,一个“啃”字,表达的是人们“啃下酷夏,迎接秋爽”的美好祈愿。但同时要注意合理膳食和营养均衡,并需与适量运动相搭配。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">生活在山区的村民,由于地势复杂,村庄平地极少,所以选在立秋时节利用房前屋后及自家窗台屋顶架晒、挂晒农作物,是为“晒秋”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">农历七八月份,有些地区还会举行“秋忙会”。这不仅是农民为了准备秋收而进行物资交流的一种方式,也是中国传统文化中重要的组成部分。</span></p></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;"> 诗词里的立秋</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><p><br/></p><section><section><section><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">立 秋</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【唐】刘言史</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">兹晨戒流火,商飙早已惊。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">云天收夏色,木叶动秋声。</span></p><p style="text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">立秋后一日与朱舍人同直</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【五代】徐铉</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">一宿秋风未觉凉,数声宫漏日犹长。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">林泉无计消残暑,虚向华池费稻粱。</span></p><p style="text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">立秋二绝 </strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">【宋】范成大</strong></span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">其一</span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">三伏熏蒸四大愁,暑中方信此生浮。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">岁华过半休惆怅,且对西风贺立秋。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">其二</span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">折枝楸叶起园瓜,赤豆如珠咽井花。</span></p><p style="text-align: center; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">洗濯烦襟酬节物,安排笑口问生涯。</span></p><p style="text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">邳博里的立秋</strong></span></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20240826/1724640950602873.jpg" title="1724640950602873.jpg" alt="1724640950602873.jpg" width="504" height="500"/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">清红绿彩双凤花卉瓷罐,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">现陈列于“长河流韵”展厅</span></p></section></section></section></section><section><p style="text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">立秋是阳盛逐渐转为阴盛的转折点,自然界中感知最敏感的便是梧桐。清代园艺学家陈淏子在《花镜》中写道:梧桐“立秋地,至期一叶先坠”。梧桐不但能知岁时,还可能引来凤凰,所谓“凤凰鸣矣,于彼高冈。梧桐生矣,于彼朝阳。”所以,梧桐的枝条也被称为“凤条”。</span></p><p style="text-indent: 2em; text-wrap: wrap; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">这件清红绿彩双凤花卉瓷罐直口,圆肩,腹斜收,圈足,器型周正,胎体坚致,胎质细腻,白地施红、绿彩绘双凤花卉纹饰,令人眼前一亮,是典型的清代红绿彩瓷精品。在早期的陶瓷考古文献中,红绿彩一般被称为宋三彩、宋加彩、宋瓷加彩;又因红绿彩主色为红,故日本称之为“宋赤绘”。后来,随着考古发掘资料的不断增多,确定红绿彩瓷的创制时代约为金代中后期。</span></p></section></section></section>