【邳博大课堂】二十四节气 · 芒种

推荐 2024-06-05 11:50:55 226
<p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">“时雨及芒种,四野皆插秧。家家麦饭美,处处菱歌长。”麦黄梅熟,榴花正盛,芒种如约而至。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">芒种是二十四节气中的第九个节气,也是夏季的第三个节气,代表仲夏时节的开启。“芒种”一词最早见于《周礼·地官》:“泽草所生,种之芒种。”东汉郑玄解释为:“泽草之所生,其地可种芒种,芒种,稻麦也。”宋代马永卿的解释与今意更为贴切:“所谓芒种五月节者,谓麦至是而始可收,稻过是而不可种。”清代学者陈三谟也在《岁序总考》中说:“芒,草端也;种,稼种也;言有芒之谷此时皆可稼种,故谓之芒种,乃五月之节气也。”“芒种忙、忙着种”,这一时节,夏收作物要收割,秋收作物要播种,因此“芒种”又叫“忙种”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20240606/1717645896980201.jpg" title="1717644917550935.jpg" alt="芒种竖图2.jpg"/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">古人将芒种的十五天分为三候:一候螳螂生,二候鵙始鸣,三候反舌无声。随着天气日渐炎热,螳螂在上一年深秋产的卵,因感受到阴气初生而破壳生出小螳螂;喜阴的伯劳鸟开始在枝头鸣叫,而能够学习其它鸟叫的反舌鸟却因感应到阴气而渐渐收声静默。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">芒种期间,恰逢一年一度的高考,邳博祝愿广大学子“芒”有所获,“种”有所得,如愿收获生命的丰盈。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">芒种习俗</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">送花神</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">农历二月二花朝节上迎花神,芒种时已临近农历五月,百花开始凋零,古时民间一般会举行祭祀花神仪式,饯送花神归位,同时表达对花神的感激,期待来年再次相会。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">煮&nbsp; 梅</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">每年五六月,是南方梅子成熟的季节。新鲜梅子大多味道酸涩,便有“煮梅”之俗。三国时便有“青梅煮酒论英雄”的故事,古诗词中也常见“青梅煮酒”的说法。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">安&nbsp; 苗</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">每到芒种时节,种完水稻后,皖南各地都要举行安苗祭祀活动,祈求五谷丰登、村民平安。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">吃君踏菜</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">君踏菜是南方地区芒种节气前后的一种季节性蔬菜。吃君踏菜,寓意人们像君踏菜那样具有强大的生命力,精力充沛,健康长寿。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">诗词里的芒种</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">芒种后积雨骤冷三绝·其三<br/></span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【宋】范成大</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">一庵湿蛰似龟藏,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">深夏暄寒未可常。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">昨日蒙絺今挟纩,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">莫嗔门外有炎凉。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">芒&nbsp; 种</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【宋】韩淲</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">愧我粗官耗太仓,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">及瓜而代合耕桑。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">蚕筐阁了修秧马,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">老稚时时亦酒浆。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">耕图二十一首 · 拔秧</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【宋】楼璹</span></strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">新秧初出水,渺渺翠毯齐。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">清晨且拔擢,父子争提携。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">既沐青满握,再栉根无泥。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">及时趁芒种,散着畦东西。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">伊犁记事诗</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【清】洪亮吉</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">芒种才过雪不霁,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">伊犁河外草初肥。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">生驹步步行难稳,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">恐有蛇从鼻观飞。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">邳博里的芒种</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;"><strong><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20240606/1717645896291125.jpg" title="1717644988133213.jpg" alt="1717644988133213.jpg" width="500" height="500"/></strong></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;">新石器时代穿孔石铲&nbsp; 现陈列于“东夷肇始”展厅</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">大墩子遗址出土,国家三级文物。石质坚硬,外观呈扁平梯形状,上窄下宽,腰部略凹,刃为斜弧形,上端有一穿孔,孔系管状对钻而成。通体精磨,制作规整。石铲是新石器时代中后期先民使用的主要生产工具之一,多用于垦荒、翻地,有些制作精良的石铲也用于祭祀和陪葬。</span></p><p><br/></p>