【邳博大课堂】二十四节气 · 谷雨

推荐 2024-04-20 11:38:32 238
<p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">何以谷雨</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">谷雨是二十四节气的第六个节气,是春季最后一个节气,也是联合国中文纪念日。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">谷雨一名的来历,据记载与文字始祖仓颉造字有关。《淮南子》中有“古者仓颉作书,而天雨粟,鬼夜哭”之说。天帝感念仓颉造字之功,托梦问他:“仓颉,你想要啥?”仓颉梦中答道:“我想要风调雨顺、五谷丰登,让天下的老百姓都有饭吃。”第二天,果真下了一场黄澄澄的谷子雨。人们从此把这天叫作“谷雨”,一直延续下来,成为一个节气。自2010年开始,谷雨又多了一个身份:“联合国中文日”,以纪念中华文字始祖。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20240420/1713584320680526.jpg" title="1713583312880344.jpg" alt="微信图片_20240420110911.jpg"/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">“天雨粟”,虽然只是一个传说,但在农人眼里,谷和雨就像谷雨的名字一样,是紧密相连的。从字义上讲,“谷”和“雨”也是紧密相连的。现代汉语字典里的“谷”,和繁体的“穀”原本是不一样的两个字。甲骨文的“谷”,上边是两个重叠的八字,下边是口形,上部是水流的样子,下部像水的出口处,表示水流半隐半现地从山口流出。繁体的“穀”,意指稻谷,庄稼和粮食的总称。作为农作物的“穀”,产于河谷地带,因此古人多假借同音的“谷”代替“榖”,汉字简化时合并为一个字,“谷”也就有了川水和五谷的双重含义。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">“谷得雨而生”。谷雨是播种五谷的季节。《月令七十二候集解》中说,“三月中,自雨水后,土膏脉动,今又雨其谷于水也……盖谷以此时播种,自下而上也”,故此得名。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">谷雨习俗</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">赏谷雨花</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">谷雨正值牡丹花期,因而牡丹又有谷雨花的俗名。“唯有牡丹真国色,花开时节动京城”,我国民间自古就有“谷雨三朝赏牡丹”的习俗。尤其河南洛阳、山东菏泽、四川彭州等地,每年谷雨时节举行牡丹花会,人们徜徉在花海中,感受春天的美好气息。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">饮谷雨茶</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">“诗写梅花月,茶煎谷雨春”。谷雨是采制春茶的时段,泡一杯谷雨春,品尝对春天的那份眷恋,希望春意无限,岁月静好。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">吃&nbsp; 春<br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">“雨前椿芽嫩无比,雨后椿芽生木体”,谷雨前后正是吃香椿的最好时节。香椿有健胃、润肤、抗菌、消炎、祛湿的食疗作用,不仅醇香爽口,别具风味,且椿与春同音,细嚼慢品,希望留住春天。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">诗词里的谷雨</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">白牡丹</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【唐】王贞白</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">谷雨洗纤素,裁为白牡丹。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">异香开玉合,轻粉泥银盘。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">晓贮露华湿,宵倾月魄寒。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">家人淡妆罢,无语倚朱栏。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">老圃堂</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【唐】曹邺</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">邵平瓜地接吾庐,谷雨干时手自锄。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">昨日春风欺不在,就床吹落读残书。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">大观间题南京道河亭</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【宋】史徽</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">谷雨初晴缘涨沟,落花流水共浮浮。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">东风莫扫榆钱去,为买残春更少留。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">浣溪沙</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【元】仇远</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">红紫妆林绿满池,游丝飞絮两依依。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">正当谷雨弄晴时。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">射鸭矮阑苍藓滑,画眉小槛晚花迟。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">一年弹指又春归。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">牡丹图</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【明】唐寅</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">谷雨花枝号鼠姑,戏拈彤管画成图。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">平康脂粉知多少,可有相同颜色无。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">谷&nbsp; 雨</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【清】郑燮</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">不风不雨正晴和,翠竹亭亭好节柯。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">最爱晚凉佳客至,一壶新茗泡松萝。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">几枝新叶萧萧竹,数笔横皴淡淡山。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">正好清明连谷雨,一杯香茗坐其间。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">邳博里的谷雨</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">清明、谷雨,都是新茶采收的好时节,清明茶和谷雨茶同为茶中翘楚。谷雨茶虽汤色橙黄,但香气浑厚,回味绵长。因此,明朝学者在《茶疏》中讲:“清明太早,立夏太迟,谷雨前后,其时适中。”&nbsp;</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20240420/1713584321996325.jpg" title="1713582730738425.jpg" alt="1713582730738425.jpg" width="600" height="439"/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;">南北朝&nbsp; 龙首铜鐎斗</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">这件龙首铜鐎斗呈圆盆形状,侈口且有缘,腹深而直,斗底平整,竹节形马蹄足,附有长流和鋬,柄为龙首形长柄。整件器物造型美观,保存完好,无论是形制还是制作工艺,都体现了典型的北朝风格。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">鐎斗也叫刁斗,北方、中原、南方地区皆有出土,主要流行于两汉魏晋南北朝。《史记》记载,鐎斗最先作为行军用具在军队中使用,每只可容一斗,可以作为量器分发粮食,还可以作为炊具用于煮饭,到了夜间巡逻时还可以敲击以示警。《木兰辞》“朔气传金柝,寒光照铁衣”中提到的“金柝”指的就是鐎斗。后来,鐎斗又演化出了温水、温酒、煮茶等功能。宋代以后,饮茶方式发生新的变化,煎茶法逐渐为点茶法所替代,鐎斗不再有用武之地,故而慢慢退出了历史舞台。</span></p><p><br/></p>