【邳博大课堂】二十四节气 · 春分

推荐 2024-04-07 10:08:38 384
<p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20240407/1712454695905690.jpg" title="1712454396437375.jpg" alt="0.jpg"/></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">01&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">何以春分</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">春分是二十四节气中的第四个节气,大约出现在每年的3月21日前后。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">春分的“分”,有两重涵义。一是“季节平分”,春分处于立春、立夏两个节气中间,正好平分了春季;二是“昼夜平分”,春分这天,太阳直射赤道,昼夜等长,各为12小时。所以,春分在古时又被称为“日中”“日夜分”。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">春分有三候:一候玄鸟至,二候雷乃发声,三候始电。春分亦有花信风:一候海棠,二候梨花,三候木兰。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">春分过后,气候温和,我国大部分地区雨水充沛,阳光明媚,越冬作物进入春季生长阶段。农民们抢抓农时,不负春光,开展春耕生产。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">春分饮食讲究“调其阴阳,不足则补,有余则泻”,故应多食蔬菜水果,补充冬季体内维生素和矿物质的消耗。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">在这个春暖花开的季节里,让我们一起用诗意的心情去感受大自然的美好吧。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="text-indent: 2em; font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">02&nbsp;&nbsp;春分习俗</span></strong><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">立&nbsp; 蛋</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">“春分到,蛋儿俏。”春分立蛋在我国已有4000多年的历史。相传,春分这天鸡蛋最容易竖起来,但科学家认为立蛋与春分并没有关系,鸡蛋能竖起来除了地球引力的作用,还在于蛋壳表面并不光滑。只要找到适当的3个表面颗粒就能够像底盘一样托起整个蛋。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">吃春菜</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">“春分吃春菜”,寓意家宅安宁、身强力壮。春菜是一种野苋菜,也被称为“春碧蒿”。春菜一般与鱼片滚汤,名曰“春汤”,这种汤清润可口,能清热降火、生津润燥。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">踏青、放风筝</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">春分时节,正是人们踏青、放飞纸鸢的好时候。阳光明媚,杨柳青青,处处洋溢着春日的美好气息。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">03&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">诗词里的春分</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">春分日</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【南唐—北宋】 徐铉</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">仲春初四日,春色正中分。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">绿野徘徊月,晴天断续云。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">燕飞犹个个,花落已纷纷。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">思妇高楼晚,歌声不可闻。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">&nbsp;&nbsp;</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">踏莎行 · 雨霁风光</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【北宋】欧阳修</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">雨霁风光,春分天气,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">千花百卉争明媚。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">画梁新燕一双双,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">玉笼鹦鹉愁孤睡。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">薜荔依墙,莓苔满地,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">青楼几处歌声丽。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">蓦然旧事上心来,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">无言敛皱眉山翠。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">癸丑春分后雪</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【宋】苏轼</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">雪入春分省见稀,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">半开桃李不胜威。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">应惭落地梅花识,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">却作漫天柳絮飞。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">不分东君专节物,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">故将新巧发阴机。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">从今造物尤难料,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">更暖须留御腊衣。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">&nbsp;<br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">春日田家</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【清】宋琬</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">野田黄雀自为群,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">山叟相过话旧闻。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">夜半饭牛呼妇起,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">明朝种树是春分。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">04&nbsp;&nbsp;</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">邳博里的春分</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">新石器时代,定居在大墩子的东夷部落已经过上了原始农耕生活,但渔猎仍然占据着重要的地位。对先民来说,春天是食物充足的季节。四户镇大墩子遗址出土的众多渔猎工具,让我们得以遥想先民逐水而居,结绳为网,以佃以渔的生活情景。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20240407/1712454695643169.jpg" title="1712454213798755.jpg" alt="1712454213798755.jpg" width="600" height="429"/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;">骨鱼镖&nbsp; 现陈列于“东夷肇始”展厅</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">捕鱼工具。兽骨磨制而成,条状,近扁圆柱体,通体光华,一端有孔,另一端呈箭头状且有一个倒勾刺。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">据研究,骨鱼镖通常分为死柄鱼镖和脱柄鱼镖两种。死柄鱼镖是将鱼镖固定在木柄上使用。脱柄鱼镖一般是将鱼镖插在木柄或竹柄的夹銎中,用时将镖刺入动物体内,猎物的挣扎导致镖与柄的分离,猎物越挣扎,倒钩刺得越深,使猎物越难以挣脱。从这件骨鱼镖上的圆孔可知,这应该是一件死柄鱼镖。<br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20240407/1712454695549761.jpg" title="1712454248583510.jpg" alt="1712454248583510.jpg" width="600" height="360"/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;">陶网坠&nbsp; &nbsp;现陈列于“东夷肇始”展厅</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">捕鱼工具。泥质红陶制,扁长方形或椭圆柱体,正反面刻两道横槽,左右两侧刻一道竖槽,便于系绳。<br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20240407/1712454695613737.jpg" title="1712454274684291.jpg" alt="1712454274684291.jpg" width="600" height="483"/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;">陶酒凫&nbsp; 现陈列于“西晋遗珍”展厅</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 2em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">“竹外桃花三两枝,春江水暖鸭先知”。这件陶酒凫出自新河镇煎药庙西晋墓地。外观为鸭形,背部中空,形似小船,器表有刮削痕迹。唐代以前,贵族饮酒常席地而坐,彼此看不到对方还剩多少酒,放一只陶酒凫在杯中,是否需要添酒便一目了然了。南京博物院馆藏的《竹林七贤与荣启期砖画》上,阮籍、王戎的杯中就各有一只陶酒凫,但实物还是首次发现。</span></p><p><br/></p>