【邳博大课堂】二十四节气 · 小寒
2023-03-07 09:48:03
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<p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">小寒是干支历子月的结束以及丑月的起始,时间在公历1月5-7日之间,它与大寒、小暑、大暑及处暑一样,都是表示气温冷暖变化的节气。小寒标志着开始进入一年中最寒冷的日子。《月令七十二候集解》:“十二月节,月初寒尚小,故云,月半则大矣。”在我国大部分地区,小寒和大寒期间一般都是最冷的时期,“小寒”一过,就进入“出门冰上走”的三九天了。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678153704460660.jpg" title="1672888001621723.jpg" alt="小寒节气海报竖图_副本.jpg"/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">古人将小寒分为三候:“一候雁北乡,二候鹊始巢,三候雉始鸲。”意思是说因感知到天地间的阳气回升,大雁开始北迁,喜鹊开始筑巢,雉鸡开始鸣叫。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">“小寒”的“花信”三候是:“一候梅花,二候山茶花,三候水仙花。”尤其是梅花,在腊月迎寒怒放,代表着大自然在寒冬中积蓄力量,走向未来的悦动。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">小寒时节是“进补”的最佳时期,但进补并非吃大量的滋补品,要有的放矢。按照传统中医理论,滋补分为四类,即补气、补血、补阴、补阳,需对症进补。民谚曰:“冬天动一动,少闹一场病;冬到懒一懒,多喝药一碗。”冬季应进行晨间慢跑等户外运动,同时注意保暖工作,不可运动过量,劳累过度。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">小寒习俗</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">探梅</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678153705733689.jpg" title="1672888035890327.jpg" alt="腊梅.webp.jpg"/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">早瘦梅先发,浅苞纤蕊。小寒时腊梅已开,朵朵争艳,正是踏雪寻梅冬游的好时候。周末约上几位好友去郊外赏梅,细嗅芬芳,提振精神。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">画图数九</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678153705664016.jpg" title="1672888047119223.jpg" alt="九九消寒图.jpg"/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">小寒节气,时兴用“九九消寒图”来避寒养生。数九计数,书法描红,既能求得消寒,也算是冬日里一种不错的消遣冶情的养生方法。<br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"> 腊祭<br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">“小寒”是腊月的节气,古人会在十二月份举行合祀众神的腊祭,因此把腊祭所在的十二月叫腊月。 “腊者,接也” ,意为新旧交替、辞旧迎新。腊祭为我国古代祭祀习俗之一,远在先秦时期就已形成。“腊祭”含意取其有三,一是表示不忘记自己及其家族的本源,表达对祖先的崇敬与怀念;二是祭百神,感谢他们一年来为农业所作出的贡献;三是人们终岁劳苦,此时农事已歇,借此游乐一番。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">诗词里的小寒</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">小寒食舟中作</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【唐】杜甫</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">佳辰强饭食犹寒,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">隐几萧条带鹖冠。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">春水船如天上坐,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">老年花似雾中看。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">娟娟戏蝶过闲幔,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">片片轻鸥下急湍。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">云白山青万馀里,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">愁看直北是长安。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">小 寒<br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【唐】元稹</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">小寒连大吕,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">欢鹊垒新巢。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">拾食寻河曲,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">衔紫绕树梢。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">霜鹰近北首,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">雊雉隐丛茅。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">莫怪严凝切,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">春冬正月交。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">小园独酌</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">【宋】陆游</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">横林摇落微弄丹,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">深院萧条作小寒。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">秋气已高殊可喜,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">老怀多感自无欢。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">鹿初离母斑犹浅,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">橘乍经霜味尚酸。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">小酌一卮幽兴足,</span><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;">岂须落佩与颓冠?</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun; text-indent: 2em;"><br/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal;"><br/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><strong><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">邳博里的小寒</span></strong></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678153705374494.jpg" title="1672888098726333.jpg" alt="640 (1)_副本.jpg"/></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;">东周石编磬,国家一级文物</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">“小寒连大吕”,小寒节气的到来,就如同音律中的“大吕”一般,引起了天地之间的律动。古代用音乐的二十四律对应二十四节气,大吕则对应十二月。这组石编磬出自戴庄镇九女墩三号墓,一共十三枚,以青灰色石灰岩制作而成,纹理清晰,磨制光洁,造型美观,形制统一。它们都为曲尺形,倨勾弧度大致相等,有倨孔,磬底弧形,弧曲较小。磬体略显修长,鼓部稍窄长,股部较宽短;鼓、股大致呈3:2的比例。石磬的历史非常悠久,在母系氏族社会时期,人们以渔猎为生,劳动之余敲击石头,装扮成各种动物的形象跳舞娱乐。这种敲击石头可发出声音的石头,逐渐演变为后来的打击乐器——磬。石磬在商周时期即为重要的礼乐器,也是宫廷雅乐的重要组成部分。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678153705126276.jpg" title="1672888116127718.jpg" alt="640.jpg" width="531" height="368"/></span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 楷体, 楷体_GB2312, SimKai;">东汉绿釉陶鸡</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">小寒“三候雉始鸲”,即野鸡开始鸣叫。邳州市博物馆馆藏的这只东汉绿釉陶鸡,为泥质红陶制,周身施绿釉。它鸡冠高起,脖向前伸,胸部挺起,两翅膀附贴身上,尾巴上翘,两腿稍向外开支撑身体,活灵活现,惟妙惟肖。这件绿釉陶鸡作为殉葬冥器出现在墓葬中,反映了鸡已普遍存在于汉代人的生活中,并且为人们所熟悉和喜爱。</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-indent: 2em; line-height: 1.75em; text-align: center;"><span style="font-family: 宋体, SimSun;">赶快扫描下方二维码,来参加“小寒”节气问答吧!</span></p><p style="white-space: normal; text-align: center;"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678153705233368.png" title="1672888143369643.png" alt="640.png"/></p><p><br/></p>