【邳博大课堂】二十四节气 · 小雪

<section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">　　11月22日，小雪。这是二十四节气中的“老廿”，冬季第二个节气，时间在每年公历11月22日或23日，此时太阳到达黄经240度。</p></section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678152548937785.jpg" title="1669092042577658.jpg" alt="小雪节气_副本.jpg"/></p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">　　小雪会下雪吗？不一定。作为反映降水、气温等气候现象的节气，小雪节气与天气的小雪没有必然联系。天气中的小雪，是指强度较小的降雪；小雪节气，表明东亚地区已确立比较稳定的经向环流，西伯利亚低压或低槽东移，就会有大规模冷空气南下，从而带来大范围大风降温天气。这时候如果出现降水，基本上就是雪夹雨、雪化雨了。《月令七十二候集解》中说：“十月中，雨下而为寒气所薄，故凝而为雪。小者未盛之辞。”<br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">　　物候是指动物、植物、鸟类、天气等随季节变化的周期性自然现象。从物候现象来说，古人将小雪节气分为三候：一候虹藏不见；二候天气上升地气下降；三候闭塞而成冬。这一时节，天之阳气上升，地之阴气下降，天地闭塞而转入严寒的冬天。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">　　我国领土广袤，南北跨度大，小雪节气各地会有明显的差异：此时东北大地封冻，“小雪地封严”；西北已经开始出现大雪；黄河以北“北风吹、雪花飘”，正是孟冬季节，很多地区出现初雪；江南则是“荷尽已无擎雨盖，菊残犹有傲霜枝”“枫落吴江小雪天，三三两两捕鱼船”；在华南地区，大雪节气以前降雪机会极少，即使下雪，也是纷纷扬扬落地无。</p></section><section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img class="raw-image" src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678152549876144.jpg"/></p></section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">　　“节到小雪天降雪，农夫此刻不能歇。”从农事上看，小雪时节，我国大部分地区的农业生产开始进入冬季管理以及冬修水利时段，各地开展秋播作物田管工作，控旺、促壮、防冻害，“继续浇灌冬小麦，地未封牢能耕掘”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">　　随着各地次第入冬，北方地区各种肉类饮食、药膳、火锅等纷纷上市。但这一时节室内全面供暖，人们也穿靴戴帽，裹得严严实实，内热不易散发，容易“上火”，所以肉食不宜过量，应该做好荤素搭配，蔬果跟上，多搭配一些清火降燥滋润类食物，如白萝卜、大白菜、豆腐等炖成汤，既暖和又滋润，“冬吃萝卜夏吃姜，不用医生开药方”。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">　　自小雪起，所谓“十月小阳春”已成过往。冬令已成，阳气深潜，草木凋零，动物蛰藏。但四时轮转的力量，比任何药膳进补都要强大，换一个角度来说，大地冰封只是大自然在为来春万物勃发积蓄力量。</p></section></section></section><p><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">小 雪 习 俗</strong></p></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678152549836720.jpg" title="1669092084483160.jpg" alt="微信图片_20130101015051_副本.jpg"/></p></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">“小雪腌菜，大雪腌肉。”小雪节气，从南方到北方，有腌咸菜、尝糍粑、晒鱼干等习俗。由于气温急剧下降，天气变得干燥，正是加工腊肉的好时候。农家开始动手做香肠、腊肉，把肉类用传统方法储备起来，“冬腊风腌，蓄以御冬”，春节正好享受美食。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">诗词里的小雪</strong></p></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img class="raw-image" src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678152549946502.jpg"/></p></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">小&nbsp; 雪</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">【唐】戴叔伦</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">花雪随风不厌看，<br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">更多还肯失林峦。<br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">愁人正在书窗下，</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">一片飞来一片寒。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">咏廿四气诗·小雪十月中</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">【唐】元稹</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">莫怪虹无影，<br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">如今小雪时。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">阴阳依上下，</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">寒暑喜分离。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">满月光天汉，</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">长风响树枝。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">横琴对渌醑，</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">犹自敛愁眉。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">次韵张秘校喜雪三首其一</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">【北宋】黄庭坚</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: left; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">满城楼观玉阑干，<br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">小雪晴时不共寒。<br/>润到竹根肥腊笋，</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">暖开蔬甲助春盘。<br/>眼前多事观游少，</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">胸次无忧酒量宽。<br/>闻说压沙梨己动，</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">会须鞭马蹋泥看。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">小&nbsp; 雪</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">&nbsp;【南宋】 陆游</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">檐飞数片雪，</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">瓶插一枝梅。</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">童子敲清磬，</p><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">先生入定回。</p></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">邳博里的小雪</strong></p></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678152550961083.jpg" title="1669092121248766.jpg" alt="微信图片_20130101021436_副本.jpg"/></p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">汉代陶猪圈</p></section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678152550706155.jpg" title="1669092130756455.jpg" alt="微信图片_20130101021345_副本.jpg"/></p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">东汉绿釉陶猪</p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; 一到“小雪”，人们开始“冬腊风腌，蓄以御冬”。北方习惯积酸菜、腌咸菜，南方多要灌香肠、做腊肉、晒鱼干。邳州地处南北交界，境内汉墓中出土了一些陶猪俑和陶猪圈，这说明汉代邳州地区的养猪业已比较发达。</p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">冬意渐浓，与之最相宜的还是“绿蚁新醅酒，红泥小火炉。晚来天欲雪，能饮一杯无”。有飘雪，有火炉，有醇酒，揉起来便是朴素的古人在取暖的同时对生活意趣的一点用心。冬日里的香炉，有温柔的暖意，也有净化的力量，是难得的风雅，将室内与寒风萧瑟的户外隔离成两个截然不同的世界。</p></section><section><p style="text-align:center"><img src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678152550609544.png" title="1669092141143812.png" alt="铜熏_副本.png"/></p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-align: center; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">西晋铜香薰</p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;">这件铜熏出自新河镇煎药庙西晋墓地，<span style="text-indent: 2em; box-sizing: border-box;">圆球形熏盒，上有半球形盖，盖顶有钮，一侧有钮与盒体相连，盒下有亚腰形圆柱与底部承盘相连。承盘侈口，平沿，圆唇，斜腹，底有三钉状足。魏晋时，香多为宫中贵族之家禁重涂傅，平民百姓是无福享用的。《晋书·王敦传》记载：东晋巨富石崇“以奢豪矜物，厕上常有十余婢侍列，皆有容色，置甲煎粉、沈香汁，有如厕者，皆易新衣而出。”</span></p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; text-indent: 2em; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;">扫描下方二维码，快来参与“小雪”知识问答吧！</p></section><section><section><img class="raw-image" src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678152551770003.png"/></section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section><section><section><img class="raw-image" src="/uploads/ueditor/image/20230307/1678152551219283.jpg"/></section></section><section><section><section><section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section><section><section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box;"><br/></p></section></section></section></section></section></section></section><section><section><section></section></section></section></section><section><p style="margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 0px; padding: 0px; box-sizing: border-box; text-align: center;"><span style="color: rgb(161, 187, 219); box-sizing: border-box;"><strong style="box-sizing: border-box;">微信号｜</strong></span><span style="color: rgb(62, 62, 62); box-sizing: border-box;">邳州市博物馆</span></p></section></section></section></p><p><br/></p>